Home from Siberia: The Secret Odysseys of Interned American Airmen in World War II (Texas A&M University Military History Series, 16) [first edition]

As war spread across the world at the end of 1941, the Soviet Union found itself between a rock known as Nazi Germany and a hard place called imperial Japan. With all its forces battling Germany in the west, the Soviet Union had to keep peace on its isolated and vulnerable eastern borders. To avoid risking its status as a neutral country in the war between the United States and Japan, the Soviet Union interned many American flyers who crashed or made emergency landings in Soviet territory after bombing Japanese targets.This is the long-secret and nearly forgotten story of how the Soviet commissariat for internal affairs interned 291 young Americans in Siberia and, at the risk of war on a second front, eventually smuggled four groups of them (and released another after the wars end) to south central Asia and finally across the Iranian border. In Iran American officials swore the airmen to secrecy and confiscated any items that would indicate they had been in the Soviet Union. Like the oft repeated guideline "Name, rank, and serial number," the brief phrase "in a neutral country" was the only permissible explanation for the flyers whereabouts. Official U.S. military records of the internments, many declassified as recently as 1986, are impersonal and sketchy. To tell the story in its entirety, Otis Hays, Jr., sought out surviving airmen. Some had blotted this secret episode from their memories or found it too painful to relive, but others had smuggled rudimentary diaries out of the Soviet Union and helped piece together the tale.